ʻO ka pena wela kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke kū i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosion medium. ʻO ka ʻoihana uhi wela kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano laulā ma 100℃-1800℃, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pena wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana i ka hopena wela kiʻekiʻe, nā koi pena i ke kaiapuni e hiki ke hoʻokō i nā waiwai kino paʻa (ʻaʻohe kahe ʻana, ʻaʻohe pehu, ʻaʻohe māwae, ʻaʻohe pauka, ʻaʻohe popo, ʻae i kahi discoloration iki). Koho maʻamau o ke kālā a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻo nā kala ʻelua he paʻa loa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e mae i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ka titanium dioxide ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa i ka mahana 350-400℃ ʻaʻole e loli ke kala a 600℃ e loli i ka tan, a hiki i ka 1200℃ a i 1300℃ lilo ia i ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela o ka zinc oxide i ka pigment keʻokeʻo he 250 a 300 ℃, kūpono ka lithopone no ka wela lōʻihi ma 250 ℃.
I loko o ka pigment ʻeleʻele, hoʻopili ʻia ka wela lōʻihi i ka ʻeleʻele kalapona ma 250 ℃, inā ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 300 ℃, e mae ke kala. ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela lōʻihi o ka pauka graphite a me ka manganese dioxide no 300 ℃.
ʻO ka pigment ʻulaʻula i loko o ka ʻokesa hao ʻulaʻula a me ka cadmium ʻulaʻula no 250 ℃ i ka wā wela lōʻihi.
ʻO ka melemele, melemele a me ka melemele cadmium strontium hiki ke kū i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe no ka lōʻihi o 200℃.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-12-2023