1. He paʻakikī ka ʻili pena, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka maʻalahi, ke kūpaʻa hopena a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion;
2. Kū'ē maika'i i ka aila, kū'ē i ka pala a me ka conductivity electrostatic maika'i.
3. He kūpaʻa ia i ka pala, ka ʻaila, ka wai, ka waikawa, ka alkali, ka paʻakai a me nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe. Ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi i ka ʻaila maka a me ka wai pahu ma 60-80 ℃;
4. Loaʻa i ka ʻili pena ka anti-permeability maikaʻi loa i ka wai, ka ʻaila maka, ka ʻaila i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe;
5. Hana maloʻo maikaʻi loa.
He kūpono ia no ka ʻaila kerosene mokulele, ka ʻaila, ka diesel a me nā pahu aila huahana ʻē aʻe a me nā pahu aila moku a me nā pahu aila i ka ʻaila maka, nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, nā kahua mokulele, nā ʻoihana wahie, nā ʻoihana awa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Uhi anti-corrosion no nā kalaka pahu a me nā paipu aila. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe kahi e pono ai ka anti-static.
| Mea | Kūlana Maʻamau |
| Moku'āina i loko o ka ipu | Ma hope o ke kāwili ʻana, ʻaʻohe puʻupuʻu, a ua like ke kūlana |
| ʻO ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻili pena | Nā kala a pau, pālahalaha a laumania ka pena ʻili |
| Ka mānoanoa (Stormer Viscometer), KU | 85-120 |
| Manawa maloʻo, 25 ℃ | ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ʻili 2h, ka maloʻo paʻakikī ≤24h, ho'ōla piha ʻia 7 lā |
| Wahi lapalapa, ℃ | 60 |
| Mānoanoa o ka ʻili maloʻo, um | ≤1 |
| Hoʻopili ʻana (ʻano ʻoki keʻa), papa | 4-60 |
| Ikaika hopena, kg/cm | ≥50 |
| Ka maʻalahi, mm | 1.0 |
| Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka alkali, (20% NaOH) | 240h ʻaʻohe pehu, ʻaʻohe hāʻule ʻana, ʻaʻohe popo |
| Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka waikawa, (20% H2SO4) | 240h ʻaʻohe pehu, ʻaʻohe hāʻule ʻana, ʻaʻohe popo |
| Pale wai paʻakai, (3% NaCl) | 240h me ka ʻole o ka huʻa, ka hāʻule ʻana, a me ka popo |
| Ke kūpaʻa wela, (120 ℃) 72h | maikaʻi ka ʻili pena |
| Ke kū'ē i ka wahie a me ka wai, (52 ℃) 90d | maikaʻi ka ʻili pena |
| Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka ʻili o ka ʻili pena, Ω | 108-1012 |
Kūlana hoʻokō: HG T 4340-2012
Pīpī: pīpī ea ʻole a pīpī ea paha. Paipai ʻia ka pīpī ea ʻole me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
Ka palaki ʻana/ʻōwili ʻana: Manaʻo ʻia no nā wahi liʻiliʻi, akā pono e hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili maloʻo i kuhikuhi ʻia.
E wehe i ka lepo, ka ʻaila a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka mea i uhi ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe, maloʻo a me ka haumia ʻole. Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻili o ke kila i ka one a i ʻole e hoʻohemo ʻia me ka mīkini.
Paipai ʻia ka papa, papa Sa2.5 a i ʻole papa St3.
1. Pono e sila ʻia kēia huahana a mālama ʻia i kahi anu, maloʻo, a me kahi ea, kaʻawale mai ke ahi, ka wai ʻole, ka pale leak, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, a me ka lā.
2. Inā hoʻokō ʻia nā kūlana i luna, ʻo ka manawa mālama he 12 mau mahina mai ka lā o ka hana ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka hala ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i kona hopena;
3. E pale i ke kuʻi ʻana, ka lā a me ka ua i ka wā e mālama ai a me ka lawe ʻana.